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Why ISPs are hijacking your search traffic & how they profit from it

A handful of Internet service providers (ISPs) in the U.S. are redirecting search traffic around specific keywords to brands’ websites, presumably for affiliate marketing revenue.

A study released today by a UC Berkeley research group revealed that for some Internet users on some ISPs, using a search engine and typing in a word such as “apple” or “bloomingdales” would redirect the user to websites for Apple or Bloomingdale’s rather than to a page or search results about the keyword in question.

The Berkeley project, called Netalyzr, was created to measure DNS behavior. However, over the past few months, the Netalyzr team noticed some unexplained and unexpected redirections across at least 12 ISPs in the United States.

In a blog post on the findings, the team wrote, “The affected ISPs use services provided by a company called Paxfire  to monetize certain web search requests. Paxfire’s main line of business is DNS-error traffic monetization, i.e., the practice of presenting advertisements and search results to users who mistyped a website’s address in their browser.

“In addition, some ISPs employ an optional, unadvertised Paxfire feature that redirects the entire stream of affected customers’ web search requests to Bing, Google and Yahoo via HTTP proxies operated by Paxfire.”

The Electronic Frontier Foundation helped the Netalyzr team investigate the matter. As EFF senior staff technologist Peter Eckersley told VentureBeat, “They knew the general category of false DNS responses might be possible and worth checking for, while the details that emerged about Paxfire and what it was actually up to were a bit more surprising.”

“We knew that some forms of malware would change DNS results locally on a victim’s computer, so it made sense to look for such meddling,” said Vern Paxson, one of the Berkeley researchers.

The research team found that around 170 specific, brand-related keywords would trigger interference by the HTTP proxies, causing users to be redirected to affiliate marketing landing pages. “We don’t have a comprehensive list [of keywords], just a bunch of terms we tried, such as the names of popular web sites,” said Paxson. Although the team was testing only for single-word search terms, Paxson also said, “It’s possible that other searches are redirected too, but we haven’t tried that.

typing test with certificate | Computers and Technology News

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