Choosing UPS systems for the data center
An uninterruptible power supply is the linchpin of the data center backup chain, providing vital protection against power disruptions that would interfere with workloads or even cripple server hardware. Selecting the right uninterruptible power supply (UPS) for deployment can be a tricky proposition. One size does not fit all, and the UPS unit’s characteristics and performance must meet the demands of modern computing equipment. Management isn’t as simple as just matching the UPS to a load or achieving an acceptable runtime.
Today’s UPS systems offer a wealth of maintenance and management features that ensure long, reliable operation. UPS choices are vast, with a bewildering spectrum of features to choose from, but a UPS must deliver adequate power to run the load long enough to restore utility power, also called runtime, or to fully shut down. Load power is measured in watts (W) or, more accurately, volt-amperes (VA); UPS systems range from just a few hundred VA up to massive 800 kVA behemoths.
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Getting started This buying guide outlines the most important features of enterprise-class UPS systems in the 10 kVA to 50 kVA range, which is ideal for small to midsized data center deployments, and such UPSes are quite quite common in many businesses and branch-office scenarios. Table 1 (shown at the end of this guide) shows a variety of midsized UPSes. The vendors in these two tables offer products in the 10 kVA to 50 kVA range with some outside that range.
The goal of this guide is not to recommend specific products, but to provide a representative cross-section of products that you can use as a starting point for your own evaluation process. As part of that process, you should talk with each manufacturer, see which optional features best address your particular needs, and find actual UPS users who can give first-hand insight into the systems and how they’re supported. Only then can you make an informed buying recommendation for your organization.
Choosing the right UPS type There are basically three approaches to UPS design: standby, line-interactive and online. Enterprises rarely use standby and line-interactive UPSes because of long switch-over times and load problems. Online UPSes can be quite large and are preferred for use in most enterprise data centers.
Rather than switching a battery stack in or out, an online uninterruptible power supply always uses batteries to operate the load and continually charges the batteries from line voltage. Thus, it is constantly converting AC into battery DC and then converting battery DC into AC for the load, earning it the moniker “double-conversion UPS.”When input voltage fails, it simply drops out, and batteries continue to power the system without disruption—there is no switching delay to interrupt vital servers.The other benefit for a data center is that load servers are completely isolated from the line AC, so “dirty” power—power from a backup data center generator—is effectively filtered before powering the load.
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with four hours of runtime would simply be a waste of money. Instead, experts advise using the UPS automatic shutdown feature to manage a graceful shutdown when battery power gets low. Below, we compare six UPS units in the 10 kVA to 50 kVA load range.
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